# Diff of /trunk/doc/user/faultsystem.tex

revision 2647 by gross, Fri Sep 4 05:25:25 2009 UTC revision 2654 by gross, Tue Sep 8 07:11:12 2009 UTC
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1  \begin{figure}  \begin{figure}
2  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/FaultSystem2D}  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/FaultSystem2D}
3  \caption{\label{FAULTSYSTEM2D}Two dimensional fault system with one fault named t in the $(x\hackscore{0},x\hackscore{1})$ and its parametrization in the  \caption{\label{FAULTSYSTEM2D}Two dimensional fault system with one fault named t in the $(x\hackscore{0},x\hackscore{1})$ and its parameterization in the
4  $w\hackscore{0}$ space. The fault has three segments.}  $w\hackscore{0}$ space. The fault has three segments.}
5  \end{figure}  \end{figure}
6
7  \section{Fault System}  \section{Fault System}
8  The \class{FaultSystem} is an easy to use interface to handle 2D and 3D fault systems \index{faults} as used for instance in simulating fault ruptures. The main purpose of the class is to provide a parametrization of an individual fault in the system of fault. In case of a 2D fault the fault is parametrized by a single value $w\hackscore{0}$ and in the case of a 3D fault two parameters $w\hackscore{0}$ and $w\hackscore{1}$ are used. Thsi parametrization can be used  \label{Fault System}
9  to impose data (e.g. a slip distribution) onto the fault. It can also be a useful tool to visualize or analyse the results on the fault if the fault is not straight.  The \class{FaultSystem} is an easy to use interface to handle 2D and 3D fault systems \index{faults} as used for instance in simulating fault ruptures. The main purpose of the class is to provide a parameterization of an individual fault in the system of fault. In case of a 2D fault the fault is parameterized by a single value $w\hackscore{0}$ and in the case of a 3D fault two parameters $w\hackscore{0}$ and $w\hackscore{1}$ are used. This parameterization can be used
10    to impose data (e.g. a slip distribution) onto the fault. It can also be a useful tool to visualize or analyze the results on the fault if the fault is not straight.
11
12  A fault $t$ in the fault system is represented by two polygons $(V^{ti})$ and $(v^{ti})$  A fault $t$ in the fault system is represented by two polygons $(V^{ti})$ and $(v^{ti})$
13  defining the top and bottom line of the fault $t$.  defining the top and bottom line of the fault $t$.
# Line 20  is called the $i$-th segment of the faul Line 21  is called the $i$-th segment of the faul
21  and the end point $V^{ti}$ is called the $i$-th segment, see Figure~\ref{FAULTSYSTEM2D}.  and the end point $V^{ti}$ is called the $i$-th segment, see Figure~\ref{FAULTSYSTEM2D}.
22
23  In general a fault does not define a plane surface (or a straight line in 2D). In order to simplify working on  In general a fault does not define a plane surface (or a straight line in 2D). In order to simplify working on
24  a fault in a fault system a parametrization $P^t: (w\hackscore{0},w\hackscore{1}) \rightarrow (x\hackscore{0},x\hackscore{1},x\hackscore{2})$ over a rectangular domain is introduced such that  a fault in a fault system a parameterization $P^t: (w\hackscore{0},w\hackscore{1}) \rightarrow (x\hackscore{0},x\hackscore{1},x\hackscore{2})$ over a rectangular domain is introduced such that
25
26  0\le w\hackscore{0} \le w^t\hackscore{0 max} \mbox{ and }  -w^t\hackscore{1max}\le w\hackscore{1} \le 0  0\le w\hackscore{0} \le w^t\hackscore{0 max} \mbox{ and }  -w^t\hackscore{1max}\le w\hackscore{1} \le 0
27  \label{eq:fault 1}  \label{eq:fault 1}
# Line 39  W^{ti}=(d^{ti},0) \mbox{ and } w^{ti}=(d Line 40  W^{ti}=(d^{ti},0) \mbox{ and } w^{ti}=(d
40
41  and $d^{ti}$ is the unrolled distance of $W^{ti}$ from $W^{t0}$. In the 2D case $w^t\hackscore{1 max}$ is set to zero and therefore the second component is dropped, see Figure~\ref{FAULTSYSTEM2D}.  and $d^{ti}$ is the unrolled distance of $W^{ti}$ from $W^{t0}$. In the 2D case $w^t\hackscore{1 max}$ is set to zero and therefore the second component is dropped, see Figure~\ref{FAULTSYSTEM2D}.
42
43  In the case of 2D the parametrization $P^t$ is constructed as follows:  In the case of 2D the parameterization $P^t$ is constructed as follows:
44  The line connecting $V^{t(i-1)}$ and $V^{ti}$ is given by  The line connecting $V^{t(i-1)}$ and $V^{ti}$ is given by
45
46  x=V^{t(i-1)} + s \cdot (V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)})  x=V^{t(i-1)} + s \cdot (V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)})
47  \label{eq:2D line 1}  \label{eq:2D line 1}
48
49  where $s$ is between $0$ and $1$. The point $x$ is on $i$-th fault segement if and only if  where $s$ is between $0$ and $1$. The point $x$ is on $i$-th fault segment if and only if
50  such an $s$ esxists. If assume $x$ is on the fault one can calculate $s$ as  such an $s$ exists. If assume $x$ is on the fault one can calculate $s$ as
51
52  s = \frac{ (x- V^{t(i-1)})^t \cdot (V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}) }{\|V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}\|^2}  s = \frac{ (x- V^{t(i-1)})^t \cdot (V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}) }{\|V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}\|^2}
53  \label{eq:2D line 1b}  \label{eq:2D line 1b}
# Line 59  w\hackscore{0}=d^{ti}+s \cdot (d^{ti}-d^ Line 60  w\hackscore{0}=d^{ti}+s \cdot (d^{ti}-d^
60  to get $P^t(w\hackscore{0})=x$.  to get $P^t(w\hackscore{0})=x$.
61  It remains the question if the given $x$ is actual on the segment $i$ of fault $t$. To test this $s$ is restricted  It remains the question if the given $x$ is actual on the segment $i$ of fault $t$. To test this $s$ is restricted
62  between $0$ and $1$ (so if $s<0$ $s$ is set to $0$ and if $s>1$ $s$ is set to $1$) and the we check the  between $0$ and $1$ (so if $s<0$ $s$ is set to $0$ and if $s>1$ $s$ is set to $1$) and the we check the
63  residual of equation~\ref{eq:2D line 1}, ie. $x$ is been accepted to be in the segement if  residual of equation~\ref{eq:2D line 1}, ie. $x$ is been accepted to be in the segment if
64
65  \|x-V^{t(i-1)} - s \cdot (V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}) \| \le tol \cdot max(\|V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}\|, \|x-V^{t(i-1)} \|)  \|x-V^{t(i-1)} - s \cdot (V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}) \| \le tol \cdot max(\|V^{ti}-V^{t(i-1)}\|, \|x-V^{t(i-1)} \|)
66  \label{eq:2D line 3}  \label{eq:2D line 3}
# Line 104  For tag $t$ this is the pair $(-w^t\hack Line 105 For tag$t$this is the pair$(-w^t\hack
105  \end{methoddesc}  \end{methoddesc}
106
107  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getW0Offsets}{tag}  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getW0Offsets}{tag}
108  returns the offsets for the parametrization of fault \var{tag}.  returns the offsets for the parameterization of fault \var{tag}.
109  For tag \var{tag}=$t$ this is the list $[d^{ti}]$.  For tag \var{tag}=$t$ this is the list $[d^{ti}]$.
110  \end{methoddesc}  \end{methoddesc}
111
# Line 117  Note that the coordinates are represente Line 118  Note that the coordinates are represente
118
119  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getCenterOnSurface}{}  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getCenterOnSurface}{}
120  returns the center point of the fault system at the surfaces. In 3D the calculation of the center is  returns the center point of the fault system at the surfaces. In 3D the calculation of the center is
121  considering the top edge of the faults and projects the edge to the surface (the $x\hackscore{2}$ component is assumed to be 0}. An \numpyNDA object is returned.  considering the top edge of the faults and projects the edge to the surface (the $x\hackscore{2}$ component is assumed to be 0). An \numpyNDA object is returned.
122  \end{methoddesc}  \end{methoddesc}
123
124  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getOrientationOnSurface}{}  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getOrientationOnSurface}{}
# Line 135  adds the  fault \var{tag} to the fault s Line 136  adds the  fault \var{tag} to the fault s
136  while \var{bottom} is the list of the vertices defing the bottom of the fault.  while \var{bottom} is the list of the vertices defing the bottom of the fault.
137  In the case of 2D \var{bottom} must not be present. Both list, if present, must have the same length.  In the case of 2D \var{bottom} must not be present. Both list, if present, must have the same length.
138  \var{w1_max} defines the range of the $w\hackscore{1}$. If not present the mean value over the depth of  \var{w1_max} defines the range of the $w\hackscore{1}$. If not present the mean value over the depth of
139  all segement edges in the fault is used.  all segment edges in the fault is used.
140  \var{w0_offsets} sets the offsets $d^{ti}$. If not present it i schoosen such that $d^{ti}-d^{t(i-1)}$ is the length of the $i$-th segment. In some cases, eg. when kinks in the fault are relevant, it can be useful  \var{w0_offsets} sets the offsets $d^{ti}$. If not present it i chosen such that $d^{ti}-d^{t(i-1)}$ is the length of the $i$-th segment. In some cases, eg. when kinks in the fault are relevant, it can be useful
141  to explicitly specify the offsets in order to simplify the signamnt of values.  to explicitly specify the offsets in order to simplify the assignment of values.
142  \end{methoddesc}  \end{methoddesc}
143
144  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getMaxValue}{f\optional{, tol=1.e-8}}  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getMaxValue}{f\optional{, tol=1.e-8}}
145  returns the maximum value of \var{f}, the fault wher the maximum is found and the location on the fault in fault coordinates. \var{f} must be a \Scalar. When the maximum is calculated only \DataSamplePoints are considered  returns the maximum value of \var{f}, the fault where the maximum is found and the location on the fault in fault coordinates. \var{f} must be a \Scalar. When the maximum is calculated only \DataSamplePoints are considered
146  which are on a fault in the fault system in the sense of condition~\label{eq:2D line 3} or \label{eq:3D line 3}, respectively. In the case no \DataSamplePoints is found the returned tag is \var{None} and  which are on a fault in the fault system in the sense of condition~\label{eq:2D line 3} or \label{eq:3D line 3}, respectively. In the case no \DataSamplePoints is found the returned tag is \var{None} and
147  the maximum value as well as the location of the maximum value are undefined.  the maximum value as well as the location of the maximum value are undefined.
148  \end{methoddesc}  \end{methoddesc}
149
150  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getParametrization}{x,tag \optional{\optional{, tol=1.e-8}, outsider=None}}  \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getParametrization}{x,tag \optional{\optional{, tol=1.e-8}, outsider=None}}
151  resturns the argument $w$ of the parameterization $P^t$ for \var{tag}=$t$ to provide \var{x}  returns the argument $w$ of the parameterization $P^t$ for \var{tag}=$t$ to provide \var{x}
152  together with a mask indicating where the given location if on a fault in the fault system by the value $1$ (otherwise the value is set to $0$). \var{x} needs to be \Vector or \numpyNDA object. \var{tol} defines the tolerance to decide if a given \DataSamplePoints is on fault \var{tag}. The value  together with a mask indicating where the given location if on a fault in the fault system by the value $1$ (otherwise the value is set to $0$). \var{x} needs to be \Vector or \numpyNDA object. \var{tol} defines the tolerance to decide if a given \DataSamplePoints is on fault \var{tag}. The value
153  \var{outside} is the value used as a replacement value for $w$ where the corresponding value in \var{x} is not  \var{outside} is the value used as a replacement value for $w$ where the corresponding value in \var{x} is not
154  on a fault. If not \var{outside} is not present an appropriate value is used.  on a fault. If not \var{outside} is not present an appropriate value is used.
155  \end{methoddesc}  \end{methoddesc}
156
157    \begin{methoddesc}[FaultSystem]{getSideAndDistance}{x,tag}
158    returns the side and the distance at locations \var{x} from the fault \tag{tag}.
159    \var{x} needs to be \Vector or \numpyNDA object. Positive values for side means that the corresponding location is
160    to the right of the fault, a negative value means that the corresponding location is
161    to the left of the fault. The value zero means that the side is undefined.
162    \end{methoddesc}
163
164  \subsection{Example}  \subsection{Example}
165  See section~\ref{Slip CHAP}  See section~\ref{Slip CHAP}
166
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